Paper for Issue

Tinubu’s Path to Economic Reform: Understanding the National Development Implications of Fuel Subsidy Removal

Abstract

ABSTRACTS This study critically examines Tinubu's economic reforms, with a particular focus on the removal of fuel subsidies and its national development implications in Nigeria. The decision to eliminate fuel subsidies has sparked intense debate due to its far-reaching consequences on various socio-economic groups, particularly the middle and lower classes. The study outlines the short-term economic challenges such as rising fuel prices, increased inflation, and reduced purchasing power, which disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. Despite these challenges, the research identifies significant long-term benefits, including fiscal savings, the potential for reinvestment in critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, as well as promoting energy efficiency and domestic refining capacity. The research is guided by four objectives: assessing the fiscal impact of subsidy removal, examining the social and economic effects on citizens, exploring long-term developmental opportunities, and evaluating government mitigation policies. Using a theoretical framework based on the Rational Choice Theory, the study explains how economic agents—government and citizens—make decisions that lead to outcomes with widespread implications. The methodology relies on secondary data sources from government reports, economic publications, and international organizations. Findings reveal that while fuel subsidy removal presents significant fiscal advantages, including redirecting resources toward development projects, it has caused short-term hardships for Nigerians. The study highlights the importance of government policies, such as targeted social protection programs and support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in cushioning the negative effects. The research concludes that subsidy removal, if well managed, holds transformative potential for Nigeria's economic development. Key recommendations include strengthening social safety nets, accelerating domestic refinery development, investing in public transportation, and ensuring transparent management of fiscal savings. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding fuel subsidy removal and its broader economic implications. Keywords: Economic Reform, the National Development Implications, Fuel Subsidy Removal

Intergovernmental Relations in the United States and France: A Comparative Study of Vertical Power Structures and Horizontal Collaboration

Abstract

ABSTRACT This comparative study analyzes intergovernmental relations (IGR) in the United States and France, focusing on vertical power structures and horizontal collaboration. The aim is to examine how differing governance systems influence local autonomy and collaborative mechanisms. The research objectives include exploring the dynamics of vertical power-sharing, identifying mechanisms of horizontal collaboration, assessing implications for governance, and evaluating challenges within IGR in both contexts. Employing a theoretical framework of federalism and unitarism, the study elucidates how these governance models shape policy formulation and implementation. Federalism in the U.S. allows for significant state autonomy, enabling states to tailor policies to local needs while fostering innovation. However, this autonomy often leads to conflicts with federal authorities, complicating policy coherence. In contrast, France's unitary system centralizes power, which, despite efforts toward decentralization, often limits regional autonomy and responsiveness to local issues. The methodology involved a comparative analysis of secondary data sources, including academic literature and government reports. Data were systematically presented through tables summarizing key findings related to vertical and horizontal relations. The study reveals that the U.S. federal system promotes a more fluid horizontal collaboration among states, whereas France's structured approach can restrict local initiatives. Key findings highlight that the U.S. offers greater local autonomy and diverse regulatory landscapes, while France experiences greater uniformity and potential bureaucratic inertia. Recommendations include enhancing state-federal collaboration in the U.S. and strengthening regional autonomy in France. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the complexities of IGR and offers insights for improving governance in both federal and unitary systems. Keywords: Intergovernmental Relations, United States, France, Comparative Study,Vertical Power Structures, Horizontal Collaboration

Comparative Analysis Of Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria And Germany: Examining Vertical And Horizontal Governance Dynamics

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study presents a comparative analysis of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria and Germany, focusing on vertical and horizontal governance dynamics. The research aims to explore the differences in governance structures between the two countries and to identify potential lessons Nigeria can learn from Germany’s experience in fostering intergovernmental cooperation. The objectives include examining the nature of federal-state relations in both nations, analyzing state-to-state interactions, evaluating Nigeria’s governance challenges, and drawing insights from Germany’s more decentralized federal model. The study is grounded in Federalism Theory, which highlights the division of powers, autonomy, cooperation, and subsidiarity between central and subnational governments. Drawing on the works of key theorists like Johannes Althusius and K.C. Wheare, the study emphasizes the need for a balanced power-sharing structure that allows local governments to maintain autonomy while cooperating with central authorities. The theory provides a framework for understanding the uneven distribution of powers in Nigeria and the more cooperative federalism model in Germany. Using a comparative case study methodology, the research analyzes secondary data from scholarly sources and government reports. Key findings indicate that Nigeria’s federal system is overly centralized, leading to inefficiencies in governance and weak horizontal cooperation between states. In contrast, Germany’s cooperative federalism model enhances policy implementation and intergovernmental coordination. The study concludes that Nigeria could benefit from adopting reforms that increase state autonomy, promote intergovernmental cooperation, and improve fiscal federalism. The research offers several recommendations, including the adoption of cooperative federalism, fiscal reforms to enhance state autonomy, and the strengthening of horizontal cooperation among states to improve governance and policy outcomes in Nigeria. Keywords: Comparative Analysis, Intergovernmental Relations, Nigeria, Germany, vertical, Horizontal Governance Dynamics

The future of public administration, challenges and prospects in Nigeria: a study of Rivers State Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (2015-2023)

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the future of public administration, focusing on challenges and prospects within the Rivers State Ministry of Housing and Urban Development from 2015 to 2023. The aim is to evaluate the administrative hurdles and opportunities for improvement, specifically targeting governance inefficiencies, human resource management, financial constraints, and political interference. Objectives include analyzing the impact of governance and administrative inefficiencies on project implementation and resource management, assessing human resource practices concerning staffing, training, and morale, evaluating financial management and its effects on project execution and housing provision, and investigating the impact of political interference on decision-making and resource allocation. The research employs Public Choice Theory to examine how self-interest among public officials influences governance and administrative inefficiencies. This theoretical framework highlights the tendency for bureaucrats to prioritize personal or political gains over public interest, contributing to issues such as corruption and inefficient project management. A survey research methodology is utilized, targeting a sample of 400 individuals from the population of Rivers State. Participants include employees, management, and stakeholders of the Ministry. Data is collected through a structured questionnaire with 20 items, segmented to address specific research questions related to governance, human resource practices, financial management, and political interference. The study uses Likert scale responses to categorize opinions, analyzing data for mean scores and standard deviations to assess consensus and variability. Findings reveal that governance and administrative inefficiencies cause significant delays and resource mismanagement, while human resource management practices critically impact operational efficiency. Financial management practices and budgetary constraints affect project execution and housing provision, and political interference compromises decision-making and resource distribution. Recommendations include implementing reforms to address governance issues, enhancing human resource practices, strengthening financial management, and minimizing political interference to improve the ministry's effectiveness. Keywords: Future of Public Administration, Challenges, Prospects, Rivers State Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.

Employee Motivation and Service Delivery in Nigeria: A Focus on the Division of the Nigerian Army in Rivers State (2015-2023)

Abstract

This study investigates employees' motivation and service delivery within the Nigerian Army's 6 Division in Port Harcourt from 2015 to 2023. The research addresses four specific objectives which are evaluating the relationship between employee motivation levels and service delivery performance, assessing the influence of motivational factors on troop readiness and effectiveness in addressing civil unrest, examining the correlation between employee morale and service delivery outcomes in regions affected by militant activities, and identifying key motivational drivers and barriers impacting soldiers' performance. The theoretical framework is based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which provide a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing soldier motivation. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, primarily utilizing secondary data sources such as reports, academic literature, and military documents to generate and analyze data. The key finding reveals that low motivation levels among soldiers significantly hinder service delivery performance, particularly in high-risk environments like the Niger Delta. The conclusion underscores the detrimental impact of poor motivation and morale on soldiers' readiness, effectiveness, and overall operational efficiency. The study recommended the implementation of comprehensive motivational programmes tailored to address soldiers' specific needs and challenges. These programmes should include regular recognition of achievements, career development opportunities, and the provision of adequate resources and equipment to enhance soldiers' sense of value and commitment. By addressing these motivational challenges, the Nigerian Army can improve service delivery outcomes and strengthen its operational capabilities in addressing diverse security threats. Keywords: Employees' , Motivation, Service Delivery, Nigerian Army.